IB SL

Chemistry — Data Booklet

All values provided in the exam. First assessment 2025.

Official IB PDF You receive this booklet in Paper 1 and Paper 2 — practise with it now.

Section 1 — Physical Constants

These values are exact as given in the IB 2025 Chemistry Data Booklet.

Constant Symbol Value Units
Avogadro's constant NA 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
Gas constant R 8.31 J K−1 mol−1
Boltzmann constant kB 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1
Planck's constant h 6.63 × 10−34 J s
Speed of light (vacuum) c 3.00 × 108 m s−1
Elementary charge e 1.60 × 10−19 C
Electron mass me 9.11 × 10−31 kg
Molar volume of ideal gas at STP (273.15 K, 100 kPa) Vm 22.7 dm3 mol−1
Standard atmospheric pressure p 101.3 kPa
Ionic product of water (298 K) Kw 1.0 × 10−14 mol2 dm−6

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Section 2 — Periodic Table

Showing atomic number, symbol, and relative atomic mass (Ar). Click any element for details.

Alkali metals Alkaline earth Transition metals Post-transition Metalloids Nonmetals Halogens Noble gases Lanthanides Actinides
1H1.01
2He4.00
3Li6.94
4Be9.01
5B10.81
6C12.01
7N14.01
8O16.00
9F19.00
10Ne20.18
11Na22.99
12Mg24.31
13Al26.98
14Si28.09
15P30.97
16S32.06
17Cl35.45
18Ar39.95
19K39.10
20Ca40.08
21Sc44.96
22Ti47.87
23V50.94
24Cr52.00
25Mn54.94
26Fe55.85
27Co58.93
28Ni58.69
29Cu63.55
30Zn65.38
31Ga69.72
32Ge72.63
33As74.92
34Se78.97
35Br79.90
36Kr83.80
37Rb85.47
38Sr87.62
39Y88.91
40Zr91.22
41Nb92.91
42Mo95.96
43Tc(98)
44Ru101.07
45Rh102.91
46Pd106.42
47Ag107.87
48Cd112.41
49In114.82
50Sn118.71
51Sb121.76
52Te127.60
53I126.90
54Xe131.29
55Cs132.91
56Ba137.33
57–71
72Hf178.49
73Ta180.95
74W183.84
75Re186.21
76Os190.23
77Ir192.22
78Pt195.08
79Au196.97
80Hg200.59
81Tl204.38
82Pb207.2
83Bi208.98
84Po(209)
85At(210)
86Rn(222)
87Fr(223)
88Ra(226)
89–103
104Rf(267)
105Db(268)
106Sg(271)
107Bh(272)
108Hs(270)
109Mt(276)
110Ds(281)
111Rg(280)
112Cn(285)
113Nh(284)
114Fl(289)
115Mc(288)
116Lv(293)
117Ts(294)
118Og(294)
57La138.91
58Ce140.12
59Pr140.91
60Nd144.24
61Pm(145)
62Sm150.36
63Eu151.96
64Gd157.25
65Tb158.93
66Dy162.50
67Ho164.93
68Er167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb173.04
71Lu174.97
89Ac(227)
90Th232.04
91Pa231.04
92U238.03
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf(251)
99Es(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(266)

Section 3 — Key Equations

All equations below are provided in the data booklet. Understand when and how to apply each one.

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

P = pressure (Pa), V = volume (m³), n = moles, R = 8.31 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹, T = temperature (K)

Combined Gas Law

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

Relates gas state at two different conditions. Temperature must be in kelvin.

Concentration

c = n / V

c in mol dm⁻³, n in mol, V in dm³. Also written as [X] for species X.

pH

pH = −log₁₀[H⁺]

[H⁺] is the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in mol dm⁻³.

pKw

pKw = pH + pOH = 14

Valid at 298 K (25 °C). Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ mol² dm⁻⁶

Henderson–Hasselbalch

pH = pKa + log([A⁻] / [HA])

Buffer equation. [A⁻] = conjugate base concentration, [HA] = weak acid concentration.

Gibbs Free Energy

ΔG = ΔH − TΔS

ΔG < 0: spontaneous. Units: kJ mol⁻¹. T in kelvin, ΔS in kJ K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ (watch units!).

Gibbs & Equilibrium

ΔG° = −RT ln K

Links thermodynamics to the equilibrium constant K. Standard state (°) at 298 K.

Arrhenius Equation

k = A e−Ea/RT

k = rate constant, A = pre-exponential factor, Ea = activation energy (J mol⁻¹).

First-Order Integrated Rate Law

ln([A]₀ / [A]) = kt

Also written as ln[A] = −kt + ln[A]₀. Half-life: t½ = ln2 / k.

Beer–Lambert Law

A = ϵcl

A = absorbance (no units), ϵ = molar absorptivity, c = concentration, l = path length (cm).

Section 4 — Average Bond Enthalpies

Average values in kJ mol⁻¹ at 298 K. Used to estimate enthalpy changes: ΔH ≈ Σ(bonds broken) − Σ(bonds formed).

Bond Energy / kJ mol⁻¹ Bond Energy / kJ mol⁻¹
C–H413 O–H463
C–C347 O=O498
C=C614 N–H391
C≡C839 N≡N945
C=O799 H–H436
C–O358 Cl–Cl242
C–Cl346 C–Br285
Bond enthalpy calculations give approximate answers because average bond enthalpies are used (actual values depend on molecular environment). Hess's Law cycles using standard enthalpies of formation are more precise.

Section 5 — Electronegativity (Pauling Scale)

Values for elements commonly encountered in IB Chemistry SL.

Element Symbol Electronegativity
FluorineF3.98
OxygenO3.44
ChlorineCl3.16
NitrogenN3.04
BromineBr2.96
SulfurS2.58
CarbonC2.55
IodineI2.66
HydrogenH2.20
PhosphorusP2.19
MagnesiumMg1.31
SodiumNa0.93
Electronegativity difference > 1.7 → ionic character. Difference 0.4–1.7 → polar covalent. Difference < 0.4 → non-polar covalent.

Section 6 — Unit Conversions & SI Prefixes

SI Prefixes

PrefixSymbolFactor
teraT1012
gigaG109
megaM106
kilok103
decid10−1
centic10−2
millim10−3
microμ10−6
nanon10−9
picop10−12

Key Conversions

QuantityConversion
Pressure1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mmHg
Temperature0 °C = 273.15 K  (ΔT in °C = ΔT in K)
Volume1 dm³ = 1 L = 1000 cm³ = 1000 mL
Energy1 kJ = 1000 J